Biosimilars/Research

Marketing authorization for NBCDs in the EU

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/04/2017

The regulatory body for approval of medicines in the European Union (EU) is the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The agency is responsible for the scientific evaluation of medicines developed by pharmaceutical companies for use in the EU and this also includes non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs).

The European Pharmacopoeia monographs for biotherapeutic products

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 31/03/2017

European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs for biologicals have existed since the 1990s and remain the publicly available standard defining the quality of these medicines. Continued development of such monographs, however, faces considerable challenges and the value and utility of these monographs have been questioned in recent years. What such challenges are and how they can be overcome is discussed by Head of Division of the European Pharmacopoeia Department at the EDQM, Dr Emmanuelle Charton, in a GaBI Journal paper [1].

Study of top-down infliximab use in children with Crohn’s disease

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/03/2017

The Erasmus Medical Center, in collaboration with the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development and biosimilars maker Hospira, now Pfizer, is carrying out a study to investigate the benefits and risks of the use of infliximab as first-line use for children with active perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease [1].

Evidence on biosimilar efficacy and safety leads to ASAS/EULAR recommendation

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/03/2017

A study of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) found no reason for physicians not to prescribe infliximab biosimilars [1].

Improving efficacy of biologicals without increasing cost

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/03/2017

Biologicals targeting antitumour necrosis factor-α, such as Remicade (infliximab) and Humira (adalimumab), have been used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases for many years. The advent of biological therapies raised significant pharmacoeconomic concerns, because the cost of biological treatment is much higher than the cost for conventional treatments, typically Euros 10.000‒20.000 per patient per year. This is an issue discussed by Professor Ann Gils from the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium [1].

Savings to be made by using etanercept biosimilar in UK

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/03/2017

A study of patients taking etanercept to treat rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis in the UK has shown that there are substantial savings to be made by using the biosimilar [1].

Positive results for infliximab biosimilar in Crohn’s disease

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 10/03/2017

Results of a phase III study of Celltrion’s infliximab biosimilar (Remsima; CT-P13) ‘indicate that the safety and efficacy of CT-P13 in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease is comparable to those treated with reference infliximab’.

Candidate trastuzumab biosimilar meets equivalence requirements

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/03/2017

Mylan and Biocon reported that their jointly developed, candidate trastuzumab biosimilar (MYL-1401O), had met equivalence requirements. The results of the study were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in January 2017 [1].

Safe for IBD patients to switch to biosimilar infliximab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/02/2017

A UK study has shown that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can be safely switched from originator infliximab, Johnson & Johnson’s and Merck’s Remicade, to biosimilar infliximab using a managed-switching programme [1].

Regional management of biosimilars in Germany

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/02/2017

Biosimilars offer alternative treatment options and reduce the financial burden on healthcare systems often brought about by more expensive originator drugs. Approved biosimilars of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab or etanercept, are managed differently across Europe. A recent study by Dr Mathias Flume assesses the prescription structure and regional uptake of these biosimilars across Germany, with focus on the Westphalia-Lippe region [1].

Positive results for Pfizer’s adalimumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/02/2017

US pharma giant, Pfizer, reported positive top-line results from a comparative study of their candidate adalimumab biosimilar (PF-06410293). The originator biological, AbbVie’s Humira (adalimumab) had sales of just over US$14 billion in 2015 [1], up 11.7% on the previous year, and retaining its place as the top grossing pharmaceutical product globally.

Positive phase III results for adalimumab biosimilar from Coherus

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 10/02/2017

A phase III study of an adalimumab biosimilar (CHS‑1420) from Coherus has reported that the biosimilar is ‘similar’ to AbbVie’s Humira (adalimumab), according to the company.

Improvement in uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/06/2016

Author Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain found that there has been an increase in the uptake of biosimilars in Spain since indicators were introduced [1].

Uptake of biosimilars increasing in Spain

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/05/2016

Use of biosimilars in Madrid, Spain, has increased after approaches were introduced to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country, according to Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain [1].

Approaches to increase uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/05/2016

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, describe approaches that have been introduced in Spain to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country [1].

A strategic approach to increase uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/05/2016

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, describe the strategic approach that has been introduced in Spain to try and improve uptake of biosimilars in the country [1].

Improving uptake of biosimilars in Spain

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/04/2016

Ainhoa Aranguren Oyarzábal and colleagues from the Madrid Health Service (MHS), Spain, investigated how efforts to improve the uptake of biosimilars in the country have been working.

Assessing the immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/12/2015

Safety is a major concern when it comes to biologicals (including biosimilars) and the most critical safety concern is immunogenicity. This is especially important in monoclonal antibody (mAb) biologicals, which are large molecules with complex structures and functions and which represent the largest class of biologicals [1].

Sharing biosimilars substitution information with patients critical

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/11/2013

On 12 October 2013, California Governor Jerry Brown vetoed legislation known as SB 598. Some believed this bill would have impeded access to biosimilars, but others believe it would have supported and strengthened patient-provider communication [1].

More immunogenicity data needed for biosimilar mAbs

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/10/2013

Eight therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will lose EU and US patent protection before 2020, making way for a new class of biosimilar. The promise of biosimilar mAbs is enticing, but these are more complex molecules than current biosimilars and it is unclear how their similarity with originator mAbs will be tested.

The future of biosimilar mAbs in Europe

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/09/2013

Biosimilars – products that are similar to originator biological medicinal products – have had a positive impact on healthcare systems. But it takes up to four years following market approval before biosimilars are accepted by the clinical community and by the people holding the purse strings. Now, a new class of biosimilar –monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) – is set to challenge the system further, writes Professor Andrea Laslop of the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety [1].

Immunogenicity of biologicals: the role of post-translational modifications

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 17/06/2016

Although produced under strict quality control(s) nascent endogenous proteins and glycoproteins (P/GP) are structurally heterogeneous and subject to further structural changes throughout their in vivo life cycle. A nascent polypeptide chain may be subject to co-translational modifications (CTMs) as it is extruded from the ribosome tunnel, e.g. the addition of oligosaccharide; edited for correct folding and initial oligosaccharide processing within the endoplasmic reticulum and subject to post-translational modifications (PTMs) during passage through the Golgi apparatus. The functional activity of a P/GP may be dependent on further chemical modifications (CMs), e.g. deamidation, enzymatic cleavage. These heterogeneities are compounded when determining the structure of a purified P/GP because further CMs may be introduced during its isolation, purification and characterization [1].

Efficacy, Extrapolation, Interchangeability V16E25LB

Extrapolation of indications in biosimilars: infliximab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/01/2015

Physicians may not be well informed about the scientific concept underlying the principle of extrapolating* indications for biosimilars. This in turn may lead them to distrust biosimilars, leading to a lower than expected uptake in Europe, especially in extrapolated indications. Members of the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Working Party on Similar Biological (Biosimilar) Medicinal Products (BMWP) address these concerns using extrapolation of indications in biosimilar infliximab as an example [1].

Non-clinical study shows similarity of biosimilar etanercept

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/11/2013

The results of a non-clinical study of a candidate biosimilar etanercept (GP2015) has shown the similarity, with respect to in vitro and in vivo characteristics, of the biosimilar (GP2015) and its reference product, Amgen’s blockbuster autoimmune disease treatment Enbrel (etanercept).

Assessing structural comparability using NMR

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/02/2017

Several biologicals will lose patent protection within the next few years, opening up the market for biosimilars [1]. According to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, biosimilar applicants should demonstrate biosimilarity using a stepwise approach, which includes structural and functional characterization, animal toxicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and clinical safety and effectiveness [2]. FDA expects extensive characterization of the proposed biosimilar and the reference product using state-of-the-art analytical technology including analysis of the protein (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure as well as post-translational modifications).

Biosimilars and treatment of IBD in Italy

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/02/2017

In February 2015, the patent for infliximab expired in Italy. Now, biosimilar CT-P13 products (Remsima and Inflectra), the first monoclonal antibody biosimilar of infliximab, are on the Italian market. In their recent paper, Annese et al. [1], assessed gastroenterologist’s view of the use of CT-P13 for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Italy.

What makes physicians consider patients suitable for biosimilar infliximab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/01/2017

Prescribing physicians play an important role in the adoption of biosimilars in rheumatic diseases. Assessing physician perception of patients they consider as suitable for biosimilars may provide insights into eventual biosimilar adoption in clinical practice settings as well as any physician educational needs.

What internists should know about biologicals and biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/01/2017

Authors from the IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy discuss some of the most frequent concerns raised by internists about biosimilars [1].

Positive phase III results for adalimumab and trastuzumab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/01/2017

Phase III studies of an adalimumab biosimilar from Momenta Pharmaceuticals (Momenta) and a trastuzumab biosimilar from Pfizer have, according to the companies, shown that the biosimilars are ‘equivalent’ compared to their respective originator biologicals.

Assessing analytical comparability for G-CSF biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/11/2016

According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a biosimilar is a biological product shown to be ‘highly similar to an FDA-approved biological product’, and which ‘has no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety and effectiveness’. Only minor differences in clinically inactive components are allowable in biosimilars. Biosimilars of approved biologicals at the end of their patent life are expected to cost less but be as safe and effective for licensed clinical uses. To date, FDA has approved four biosimilars [1], while the European Union has approved more than 20 biosimilars [2].

Effectiveness of ESAs in treating anaemia in kidney disease and cancer patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 10/06/2016

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are biological analogues of human erythropoietin used for the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients [1]. ESA biosimilars have been available on the Italian market since 2007. However, only limited post-marketing data exist on the comparative effectiveness of biosimilar and originator ESAs in routine care.

Clinical and regulatory issues for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/05/2016

As the first biosimilars are being approved in the US, there are a number of clinical and regulatory issues that must be considered for the safe and appropriate utilization of these products within the health system [1]. Biosimilars provide the opportunity to lower cost and improve access to important biological treatments. However, their success will depend largely on their acceptance by clinicians, payers and patients.

A multidisciplinary perspective on biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/04/2016

A biosimilar is an officially regulated and approved copy of an originator biological therapy. Authors Khraishi et al. aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the biosimilar development process and multidisciplinary guidance on their potential therapeutic utility in clinical practice [1]. They discussed clinical developments in the introduction of biosimilars across the expert disciplines of gastroenterology, nephrology, oncology and rheumatology, and from a payer perspective. They highlight a common need for ongoing pharmacovigilance, robust head-to-head clinical studies, and real-world data to establish the long-term risk-benefit profile of biosimilars.

How the biosimilars market is changing

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/04/2016

Access to high quality medicine at affordable prices without jeopardizing patients’ health is one of the key challenges in developed countries where rising life expectancy and growing average age puts pressure on national healthcare systems. Biosimilars represent a class of medicinal products that seem to be attractive in tackling this challenge. However, market acceptance of biosimilars in general is still low.

Pharmacokinetic behaviour of a trastuzumab biocomparables

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/06/2016

Biosimilars represent a viable alternative for the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases of many patients worldwide who cannot afford the costs of biotherapies based on originator products. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which is used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. In the review paper of Miranda-Hernández et al. [1], the authors described the development of a trastuzumab biocomparable by Mexico-based Probiomed. This biocomparable, according to the authors, was developed in compliance with international guidelines and the characterization of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), as well as the pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated in healthy volunteers, demonstrated comparability with the reference product.

Benefits and concerns related to biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 18/03/2016

As patents of the first introduced biological therapeutics in oncology have begun to expire, competing pharmaceutical companies are allowed to produce and market the same protein as the originator agent. This follows the pattern of the development of generics. However, biosimilars are fundamentally different from generics. Particularly in the field of oncology, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies has resulted in spectacular therapeutic advances by increasing the cure rate of early cancers and prolonging survival. Similar advances have occurred in rheumatology, haematology, neurology and other fields. Most therapeutic biologicals are monoclonal antibodies with molecular weights of around 140,000 Daltons [1]. Other peptides include hormones, growth factors and vaccines [2]. Most of those products are expensive and their broad application drains the financial resources of healthcare systems. Therefore, the development of biosimilars is expected to be mutually beneficial for both the pharmaceutical industry and society: pharmaceutical companies may enter a lucrative business, whereas payers reasonably expect lower prices for these costly but essential drugs.

Pharmacovigilance compliance for biocomparables in Mexico

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/10/2015

Filgrastim is widely used in Mexico, as in other countries. Its patent has expired and hence several non-originator biologicals have appeared. Following WHO guidelines, the General Health Law of Mexico was modified in 2009 to provide a solid regulatory environment for biosimilars (or biocomparables as they are called in Mexico) [1].

Naming affects pharmacists’ perceptions and dispensing of biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/01/2017

A study of pharmacists, carried out jointly by the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) and the Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association (HOPA), found that pharmacists had a preference for distinguishable names. However, the study also found that using the same names for interchangeable biologicals would make pharmacists more likely to dispense biosimilars [1].

Positive phase III results for Boehringer’s adalimumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/01/2017

Germany-based biologicals specialist Boehringer Ingelheim (Boehringer) announced on 26 October 2016 positive results from its pivotal phase III study of its candidate adalimumab biosimilar.

Positive phase III results for Celltrion’s rituximab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/12/2016

Phase III studies of a rituximab biosimilar from Celltrion have, according to the company, shown that the biosimilar is ‘equivalent’ to Roche’s MabThera/Rituxan (rituximab).

Positive results for etanercept and bevacizumab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/12/2016

A phase III study of an etanercept biosimilar from Sandoz and a phase I study of a bevacizumab biosimilar from Boehringer Ingelheim have, according to the companies, shown the biosimilars to be ‘bioequivalent’ (bevacizumab) or have ‘equivalent’ safety and efficacy (etanercept) compared to their respective originator biologicals.

Biosimilars help reduce the costs of cancer care

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/12/2016

The costs for cancer drugs have been increasing significantly in countries around the world. With the arrival of new therapies, the future of cancer care is exciting. But how will healthcare systems be able to pay for such innovations? In their commentary, Goldstein and co-authors discuss how biosimilars could help alleviate such challenges [1].

Safety differences in clinical trials for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/11/2016

Differences in safety evaluations and findings between clinical trials for biosimilars are highlighted by researchers from the University of Massachusetts, USA and Newcastle University in the UK. This they argue is a reason for clinical trial design for biosimilars to be standardized [1].

Extrapolation of indications for biosimilar infliximab and etanercept

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 18/11/2016

Biosimilar infliximab (Inflectra/Remsima) was approved in Europe in September 2013 for the same indications as the originator product (Remicade). More recently, biosimilar etanercept (Benepali) was approved in Europe in January 2016 for the same indications as the originator product (Enbrel) [1]. Researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King’s College London, discuss the extrapolation of the indications for the biosimilars [2].

Trials for biosimilar etanercept

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/11/2016

Biosimilar etanercept was approved in Europe in January 2016 [1]. Researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King’s College London, discuss the trials that led to the approval of biosimilar etanercept [2].

Differences in efficacy assessment in clinical trials for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/11/2016

Clinical trial design should be standardized according to researchers from the University of Massachusetts, USA and Newcastle University in the UK [1]. They argue that a ‘standard clinical trial design be adopted for all biosimilars of a particular [originator biological] in a given disease’.

Trials for biosimilar infliximab

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/11/2016

Biosimilar infliximab was launched in the UK in March 2015. Researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King’s College London, discuss the trials that led to the approval of biosimilar infliximab [1].

Biosimilars in nephrology in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/11/2016

Biosimilars are biological medicines that are highly similar to the reference product with no meaningful clinical differences in terms of safety, purity and potency. All biologicals are produced by living cells resulting in an inherent heterogeneity in their higher order structures and post-translational modifications.

Standardizing clinical trials for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 28/10/2016

Researchers from the University of Massachusetts, USA and Newcastle University, UK argue that clinical trial design should be standardized for future studies of biosimilars [1]. Indeed, they argue that a ‘standard clinical trial design be adopted for all biosimilars of a particular [originator biological] in a given disease’.

Study design for biosimilar trials

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 28/10/2016

Biosimilars have been available in the field of rheumatology since 2015. In light of this fact, researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King’s College London, discuss study design for biosimilar trials [1].

NOR-SWITCH study finds biosimilar infliximab not inferior to originator

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 21/10/2016

Results of a two-year phase IV study have shown that Celltrion Healthcare (Celltrion)’s infliximab biosimilar (Remsima, CT-P13) is not inferior to the originator biological Remicade.

Biosimilars versus generics

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 21/10/2016

Since 2015, biosimilars have been available in the field of rheumatology. Researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King’s College London discuss how such biosimilars differ from the more traditional generics [1].

Biosimilars: clinicians and regulators need to talk

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/08/2016

In Europe, there is a clear gap between the regulatory decisions that govern biosimilar approval and the recommendations of medical societies. The fact that the views of medical societies, whose members are the physicians that will prescribe biosimilars, disagree with those of regulators, may hold back biosimilar uptake.

Use of biosimilar anti-TNF in Australia

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 14/10/2016

With the advent of biosimilar anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF), new options have opened up for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia. Author Richard B Gearry of the University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, discusses what needs to be taken into consideration when physicians prescribe anti-TNF products [1].

Positive phase III results for Mylan’s biosimilar pegfilgrastim

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 14/10/2016

Results of a study of Biocon and Mylan’s comparing Biocon/Mylan’s biosimilar pegfilgrastim (MYL-1401H) to the originator (Neulasta) has ‘demonstrated equivalent efficacy’, according to Mylan [1].

Biosimilars in rheumatology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/10/2016

In 2015, the rheumatology community saw the emergence of the first biosimilars onto the market. Biosimilars are not new to the medical community at large, having been on the market in the European Union (EU) since 2006. However, their arrival into the field of rheumatology is new and, according to researchers from the National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King's College London, ‘comes with great anticipation’ [1].

Switching may not be suitable for patients with immunogenicity

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/09/2016

Results of a study of antibodies to infliximab comparing both the originator (Remicade ) and biosimilar (Inflectra/Remsima; CT-P13) versions has shown ‘cross-immunogenicity’ between the originator and biosimilar in patients with rheumatic diseases [1].

Efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab in children with IBD

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/09/2016

Researchers from Birmingham Children’s Hospital presented results from a study of the use of the infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 (Remsima/Inflectra) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [1].

Positive phase III results for Sandoz etanercept biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/09/2016

Results of a study of Sandoz’s etanercept biosimilar (GP2015) compared to Amgen/Pfizer’s arthritis blockbuster Enbrel (etanercept) have shown ‘equivalent efficacy’, according to the company.

Study supports interchangeability of TNF-α biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/09/2016

For years, the costs of drugs have been rising. Prescription drug spending in the US rose by 12.6% in 2014 and almost 1 in 4 Americans report difficulty affording their prescriptions. A familiar situation in many countries, the escalating costs of drugs make them unaffordable for a large part of the world.

More positive phase I results for Coherus pegfilgrastim biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/09/2016

US-based biosimilars developer Coherus BioSciences (Coherus) announced on 11 July 2016 that follow-on results from a phase I study of its candidate pegfilgrastim biosimilar (CHS 1701) were positive.

Biosimilars for use in fertility treatment

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/09/2016

As patents expire on originator products, there is increasing interest in developing biosimilars globally. Authors Raoul Orvieto and David Seifer from the Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine of the Tel Aviv University in Israel investigated biosimilars used in fertility treatment [1].

Safety and efficacy of Remsima in IBD patients in clinical practice

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/09/2016

Researchers from Spain presented results from a study of the use of the infliximab biosimilar Remsima in ulcerative colitis disease patients in clinical practice after six months treatment.

Use of biosimilars in oncology in France

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/09/2016

Biosimilar drugs are biological drugs clinically similar to their reference products. They correspond to a generic drug approach applied to biological agents. The goal of biosimilars is to open the market and to provide significantly less costly biological agents. The approval of biosimilars is abbreviated when compared to that of the reference biologicals, but includes clinical trials (distinguishing them from generics). In oncology, the currently available biosimilars filgrastim and epoetin alfa are used in supportive care. Author Dominique Leveque from the Hôpital Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France discusses the situation regarding the use of biosimilars in France [1].

Biosimilar manufacturers fail to compete in Italy

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/08/2013

In the current global economic crisis, significant savings on healthcare spending should be made as a result of increased competition between manufacturers of off-patent biologicals or biosimilars. If only that were so, writes Professor Livio Garattini at the Centre for Health Economics, Ranica, Italy [1], who has analysed the pricing of off-patent biologicals in Italy, a country particularly hard hit by the economic downturn.

Assessment of interchangeability under the BPCI Act

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/02/2013

The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation (BPCI) Act gives FDA the authority to designate a biosimilar as interchangeable with its reference product. This means that the biosimilar may be substituted for the originator product by the pharmacist without reference to the prescribing physician [1]. The criteria for establishing interchangeability of biosimilars, despite FDA issuing three draft guidance documents, are still not clear [2].

The ethics of biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/02/2013

Biosimilars in the EU have to undergo a strictly regulated comparability exercise against the reference medicinal product on the physicochemical, analytical, functional, non-clinical and clinical level. Only if a biosimilar is a close copy of the reference medicine will it be approved as a biosimilar [1]. Despite this fact, however, ethical issues have been raised on the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) in healthy volunteers by the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA).

Assessment of biosimilarity under the BPCI Act

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/02/2013

The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation (BPCI) Act defines a biosimilar as a product that is highly similar to the reference product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components and without clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. Although draft guidances issued by FDA do begin to clarify the issue, little or no discussion regarding how similar is considered highly similar is given in the BPCI Act and no criteria for assessing biosimilarity were mentioned [1].

G-CSF biosimilars – World Marrow Donor Association position

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/02/2013

The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) has expressed its position on the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) biosimilars in healthy donors in an article published in the journal Haematologica [1].

Biosimilarity and interchangeability under the BPCI Act

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/01/2013

In the US, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation (BPCI) Act was signed into law on 23 March 2010, giving FDA the authority to approve biosimilars. FDA then issued guidelines for biosimilar applications in February 2012 in the form of three draft guidance documents [1]. Despite this, there remain scientific issues regarding the assessment biosimilars and the criteria for establishing biosimilarity and interchangeability of biosimilars [2].

Biosimilar terminology confusion

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/10/2012

Imprecise usage of the term biosimilar in the literature is an issue that has already been highlighted by EMA [1].

Pharmaceutical price regulation in Saudi Arabia: a countdown to affordable biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/08/2016

The pricing of pharmaceuticals and biosimilars is generally subject to national regulatory control. Regulation is in place to ensure pharmaceutical affordability, yet enable profitability for pharmaceutical companies and facilitate innovation. A recent paper on pharmaceutical price regulation in Saudi Arabia by Alhomaidan et al. [1], charts the regulatory procedures in place, and outlines how their evolution has led to today’s regulated pricing of biosimilars.

Positive phase III results for Amgen’s trastuzumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/08/2016

Results of a study of Amgen and Allergen’s trastuzumab biosimilar (ABP 980) compared to Herceptin (trastuzumab) have ‘ruled out inferiority’, according to the company.

Positive clinical data for three anti-TNF-α biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/07/2016

Results of studies of three biosimilars from Samsung Bioepis, Benepali (etanercept), Flixabi (infliximab) and candidate biosimilar SB5 (adalimumab), have shown ‘comparable outcomes with regards to both the efficacy and safety of treatment’ when compared to their respective reference products, according to the company [1-3].

Mylan presents comparability data for trastuzumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/07/2016

Generics giant Mylan Pharmaceuticals (Mylan) presented robust data from its biosimilar trastuzumab programme at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting ASCO 2016 held in Chicago, USA on 3–7 June 2016.

Epoetin alfa biosimilar effective in treating anaemia

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/03/2016

Authors of a post-marketing study of the epoetin alfa biosimilar Retacrit say that the biosimilar is effective and well tolerated in treating chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) [1].

Evolution of biosimilars in developed and developing countries

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/08/2016

The development of biologicals has experienced continuous growth over the past three decades. The expiration of patent protection for many biologicals has led to the development of biosimilars in many countries around the world. This paper reviews the literature on biosimilars and covers their therapeutic status, clinical trials, approved biosimilars and regulatory guidelines in Japan, South Korea and Malaysia [1].

Biosimilars: the benefits need to be communicated

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/08/2016

Extrapolation may be the most contentious issue of biosimilar development, but it is also its single greatest benefit, says Dr Martina Weise of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices in Germany.

Pure red cell aplasia in a CKD patient after treatment with epoetin zeta

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/08/2016

Authors from the Versilia and Manzoni Hospitals in Italy report the case of a patient who developed pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following subcutaneous administration of epoetin zeta, which is one of the two biosimilars of epoetin alfa licensed in Europe [1].

The economic impact of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/07/2016

Biologicals are large molecule compounds used to treat rare or complex diseases. Between 2013 and 2014, spending on specialty drugs, including biologicals, increased 32.4%, while spending on small-molecule drugs increased by just 6.8%. By 2016, eight of the 10 top-selling drugs are expected to be biologicals.

Doctors want more details in biosimilars labelling

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/07/2016

In the European Union (EU), labels (Summaries of Product Characteristics, SmPCs) for biosimilars and their reference products are, in many instances, almost identical despite different data requirements for the authorization of biosimilars.

Real-world safety data for epoetin alfa biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/07/2016

A 2-year post-marketing study of the epoetin alfa biosimilar Binocrit has found the biosimilar to be safe in daily clinical practice, according to the authors [1].

Biosimilar rituximab in biological naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/06/2016

Cost remains a major constraint in the use of originator biologicals in rheumatology in developing countries, paving the way for ever increasing usage of biosimilars. However, apart from the cost, their efficacy and safety are of tremendous interest to clinicians in both developing and developed worlds.

Insulin biosimilar meets primary endpoint in phase III studies

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 24/06/2016

US pharma giant Merck announced on 13 June 2016 positive results from two phase III studies evaluating its insulin glargine biosimilar (MK-1293).

Prescribing similar biotherapeutic products in Latin America

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/01/2016

Prescribing practices vary across different countries in Latin America and reveal gaps in understanding and in the use of distinguishable names for biologicals [1].

European regulatory pathways for biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/04/2016

The European regulatory pathways for biosimilars were discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

Extrapolation of indications for mAbs

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/03/2016

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars have recently entered the market, raising questions in the healthcare community. One of the questions discussed by Professor Pierre Michetti, a gastroenterologist at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland, was that of extrapolation of indications for mAbs [1].

Biologicals: characteristics that make them unique and special

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 01/04/2016

The unique characteristics of biologicals were discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

Switching between different ESAs

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/05/2016

Switching between reference biologicals and biosimilars can be a contentious issue. A study from Italy, however, has found that this phenomenon is not limited to reference products and their biosimilars, but also often occurs between originator biologicals and other originator biologicals within the same category [1].

Candidate infliximab biosimilar SB2 equivalent to Remicade

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/10/2015

Results from a phase III clinical trial for a candidate biosimilar version of infliximab in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis has shown SB2 to be equivalent to Remicade [1].

Biosimilar etanercept safe and effective

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/10/2015

In a study funded by Samsung Bioepis (a Biogen and Samsung joint venture), their candidate etanercept biosimilar (SB4) has been found to be safe and well tolerated and to be equivalent in terms of efficacy compared to Enbrel (etanercept) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1].

Phase III results of adalimumab biosimilar demonstrate equivalence

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/09/2015

South Korean electronics giant Samsung and biotechnology company Biogen Idec’s joint venture Samsung Bioepis announced on 6 July 2015 phase III data demonstrating the ‘clinical equivalence’ of their adalimumab biosimilar (SB5) compared to the originator biological, Humira.

Positive phase III results for candidate etanercept and infliximab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 21/08/2015

Results of pivotal phase III clinical studies of candidate etanercept biosimilar SB4 and candidate infliximab biosimilar SB2 met their primary endpoints, demonstrating equivalence to the originator biological in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate therapy [1, 2].

Phase I results for candidate adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 14/08/2015

Results of phase I clinical studies of candidate adalimumab biosimilar SB5, etanercept biosimilar SB4 and infliximab biosimilar SB2, demonstrated equivalence safety profiles to their originator biologicals in healthy subjects [1-3].

Monoclonal antibodies and the challenge of substitution

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/06/2016

Healthcare payers are eagerly awaiting the arrival of biosimilar competition in the innovative monoclonal antibody sector in order to drive down drug prices and increase patients’ access to these medicines. As the first to introduce scientific and regulatory requirements for the approval of biosimilars in 2004, the European Union (EU) has emerged as a testing ground for biosimilars. In view of the lack of stance of EU governments and national institutions on substitution for biosimilars, hospitals and healthcare structures logically took up this major issue.

Biosimilars: the clinical perspective

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/04/2016

How biosimilars can be viewed from a clinical perspective was discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

Biosimilars: management of clinical issues

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/04/2016

How to manage clinical issues encountered with biosimilars was a topic discussed in a review of biosimilars in rheumatology by author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain*.

Biosimilars: a new challenge in the current pharmacology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/03/2016

In a review of biosimilars in rheumatology author José M Serra López-Matencio and colleagues from the Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain discuss issues surrounding biosimilars*.

Pharmacovigilance for mAbs

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 18/03/2016

Professor Pierre Michetti, a gastroenterologist at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland in his paper discusses questions related to monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars [1]. One question addressed was that of pharmacovigilance for mAbs.

Beyond biosimilarity

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/03/2016

The advent of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars has raised a series of questions in the healthcare community. Just a few of these questions were discussed by Professor Pierre Michetti, a gastroenterologist at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland [1].

Efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab compared to other biologicals in rheumatoid arthritis

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/02/2016

In the paper by Baji et al. [1], the authors carried out a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab and other available biologicals for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), namely abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab and tocilizumab. The analysis compared the recommended doses of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) indicated in RA.

Switching and extrapolation of subsequent entry biologics in Canada

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/08/2014

The regulatory framework for biosimilars in Canada explains how their substitutability and/or interchangeability are governed in the country. Biosimilars, which are known as subsequent entry biologics (SEBs) in Canada, are regulated in line with guidance from the World Health Organization.

Efficacy, extrapolation and interchangeability of biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/04/2013

Biosimilars have been available in Europe for more than seven years; despite this fact, physicians still have concerns about the use of biosimilars. Some of their concerns have been discussed by members and experts of the Working Party on Similar Biologic Medicinal Products of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) [1].

Safety concerns limit similar biologics uptake in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/02/2016

How do concerns about the safety of domestic biologicals limit the uptake of ‘similar biologics’ in India? This is a question that author Malipatil tried to address in his review of similar biologics in India [1].

Differences between biosimilars and reference products

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/02/2016

A review of glycosylated biosimilars approved in the European Union (EU) and Japan has highlighted structural variances between biosimilars and their reference products [1].

Pharmacovigilance for biologicals in The Netherlands

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/02/2016

Escher is an independent regulatory research platform run by Netherlands-based research enabler TI Pharma. The group recently published a paper in the journal Drug Safety on the traceability of biologicals in clinical practice and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting [1]. This paper concludes that in The Netherlands brand names are not routinely recorded in clinical practice and batch numbers are poorly recorded. The findings suggest that the limited traceability of brand names and batch numbers in ADR reports for biologicals may be primarily caused by the shortcomings in the recording and tracing of information in clinical practice.

Barriers to biologicals competition

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/01/2016

As finding breakthrough small-molecule drugs becomes more difficult, drug companies are increasingly turning to ‘large molecule’ biologicals. Although biologicals represent many of the most promising new therapies for previously intractable diseases, they are extremely expensive. Moreover, the pathway for generic-type competition set up by the US Congress in 2010 is unlikely to yield significant cost savings.

Adalimumab biosimilar meets primary endpoint in pharmacokinetic study

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/02/2016

On 21 December 2015, Baxalta, a spinoff company from Baxter International, and US-based biotechnology firm Momenta Pharmaceuticals (Momenta) announced positive results from a pharmacokinetic study with their candidate adalimumab biosimilar M923.

Positive phase III results for cetuximab and infliximab copy biologicals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/02/2016

US-based biopharmaceutical company Sorrento Therapeutics (Sorrento) announced on 11 January 2016 that its partner, MabTech had successfully completed phase III clinical trials in China for STI-001, a copy biological for cetuximab (Erbitux) and STI‑002, a copy biological for infliximab (Remicade). Both STI-001 and STI-002 met their primary endpoints in confirmatory, randomized, controlled, two-part phase III studies.

Lack of health insurance limits access to biologicals in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/02/2016

One example of a negative driver of the ‘similar biologics’ market in India is the lack of health insurance in the country [1].

Factors affecting the uptake of ‘similar biologics’ in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/01/2016

In his review of similar biologics in India, Dr Nagaraj Malipatil, a clinical pharmacologist from Bangalore, attempted to address what are the drivers and the limitations to the ‘similar biologics’ market in India [1].

Partnerships driving similar biologics development in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/01/2016

With biosimilars grabbing an increasing share of the global biologicals market and with India providing a cheaper place to carry out research and development, more international players are partnering with Indian companies.

Domestic biologicals cost less in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/01/2016

One of the factors increasing the use of similar biologics in India is the fact that domestic biologicals cost much less than the originator brand-name biologicals [1].

Low costs and less stringent regulatory requirements in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/01/2016

Dr Nagaraj Malipatil, a clinical pharmacologist, from Bangalore, India in his review of ‘similar biologics’ in India, outlines some of the drivers of the ‘similar biologics’ market in India [1].

Pegfilgrastim biosimilar as safe and effective as Neulasta

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/01/2016

Sandoz, the generics division of Novartis, announced on 7 December 2015 positive results from a phase III study of its pegfilgrastim biosimilar (LA-EP2006).

Regulation and uptake of ‘similar biologics’ in India

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/12/2015

India has, by far, demonstrated the greatest acceptance of ‘similar biologics’. But what are the drivers and the limitations to the ‘similar biologics’ market in India? This is a question Dr Nagaraj Malipatil, a clinical pharmacologist, from Bangalore, India tried to address in his review of similar biologics in India [1].

Positive phase III results for adalimumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 04/12/2015

US-based biologicals giant Amgen announced on 9 November 2015 that results from a phase III study of its adalimumab biosimilar (ABP 501) had ‘met the primary endpoint’.

AE reporting for biologicals

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/11/2015

Researchers from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) sought to answer [1] examined primary suspect reports sent to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from US reporters for two biologicals that have lost patent exclusivity – somatropin and human insulin. The study was carried out to inform both FDA and the global drug development community about how naming of biosimilars might affect the traceability of adverse events (AEs).

Positive phase III results for etanercept biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 27/11/2015

On 9 November 2015, biopharmaceutical specialists Coherus and Baxalta (a spin-off company from Baxter International) announced positive results from a phase III study of its etanercept biosimilar (CHS-0214).

Biosimilar naming conventions around the world

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/11/2015

Naming conventions from around the world was one of the topics investigated in a study by researchers from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) [1].

Positive phase III results for Samsung Bioepis biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 20/11/2015

Results of phase III clinical studies of candidate etanercept biosimilar SB4 infliximab biosimilar SB2 and adalimumab biosimilar SB5 have all met their primary endpoints, according to an announcement on 7 November 2015 by Samsung Bioepis (a Biogen and Samsung joint venture).

Biosimilars and interchangeability

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/11/2015

In a study by researchers from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) the question of interchangeability around the world was one of the topics investigated [1].

Economic considerations for rheumatoid arthritis biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 13/11/2015

In the paper by Gulácsi et al. [1], the authors stated that biosimilars have the potential to reduce costs and increase patient access to biologicals in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic inflammatory rheumatic and bowel diseases.

Non-originator low molecular weight heparins: generics or biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/11/2015

First developed in the 1980s, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are complex anticoagulants derived from porcine intestinal mucosa and are used in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Heparin sodium’s anticoagulant activity is mainly governed by its ability to bind to the serine protease inhibitor antithrombin (AT). In this sense, heparin sodium functions as a cofactor for AT by modifying its conformation, thereby accelerating the inactivation of clotting factors.

Positive phase I results for adalimumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 06/11/2015

In an announcement on 28 October 2015, biopharmaceutical specialist Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals (Boehringer Ingelheim) claimed that results from a phase I study of its adalimumab biosimilar (BI 695501) had ‘demonstrated pharmacokinetic bioequivalence’ to Humira (adalimumab).

Biosimilar naming and AE reporting

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/10/2015

How will biosimilar naming affect the ability to attribute adverse events (AEs) to a particular product? This is a question researchers from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) sought to answer [1].

Rituximab biosimilar claimed similar pharmacokinetics to originator

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 30/10/2015

A phase I/II study of Pfizer’s rituximab biosimilar candidate PF-05280586 has shown similar pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, according to Jacobs and co-authors [1].

Biosimilars use in Italy increasing

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 23/10/2015

A study of the use of biosimilars in four large Italian geographic areas has found that the use of biosimilar erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), especially in naïve patients, increased significantly during the years 2009–2013 [1].

Positive phase I results for pegfilgrastim biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 16/10/2015

US-based biosimilars developer Coherus BioSciences (Coherus) announced on 1 October 2015 that results from a phase I study of its pegfilgrastim biosimilar (CHS‑1701) had met its primary endpoint.

Answers to questions about anti-TNF biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 09/10/2015

While the potential pharmacoeconomic benefits of cost-effective biosimilars seem clear, several issues have been raised regarding, for example, the definition of biosimilarity and the validity of indication extrapolation, as well as the ‘switchability’ and relative immunogenicity of biosimilars and their reference drugs. In a review by Isaacs and co-authors, these questions with reference to CT-P13 (Remsima, Inflectra), a biosimilar of the anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody infliximab (Remicade) were discussed [1].

Biosimilar epoetin-α as effective as originator in anaemia treatment

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 02/10/2015

A study by researchers in Italy has concluded that biosimilar epoetin‑α appears to be comparable to originator epoetin‑α plus liposomal iron (Sideral), vitamin B12 and folates in terms of efficacy and safety for the treatment of refractory anaemia [1].

Positive phase III results for bevacizumab biosimilar

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 25/09/2015

Results of a phase III trial have demonstrated the similarity of partners Amgen and Allergan’s biosimilar bevacizumab candidate (ABP 215) to Avastin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Pharmacoeconomic modelling of biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 18/09/2015

There are many challenges and uncertainties associated with the introduction of biosimilars to the US. To try and address these, authors from the Partnership for Health Analytic Research developed a conceptual framework to provide guidance in modelling biosimilars in the US setting [1].

Etanar as effective as adalimumab and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 11/09/2015

A study of Etanar – an etanercept similar biotherapeutic product – has shown that it is as effective as adalimumab and infliximab in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a real-life setting [1].

Non-originator bevacizumab candidate non-inferior to Avastin

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 28/08/2015

Results of a phase III clinical study of Biocad’s non-originator bevacizumab candidate BCD-021 demonstrated ‘equivalence’ compared to the originator biological (Avastin) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1].

Overcoming hurdles to biosimilars cost savings in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 14/08/2015

The US approved its first biosimilar, Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz), on 6 March 2015 [1]. But how can the country overcome hurdles to the cost savings that can be achieved from these drugs? That is a question Sarpatwari and co-authors have tried to answer [2].

Safety of filgrastim biosimilars following stem-cell transplantation

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/08/2015

The safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) biosimilars was compared with that of the originator, Neupogen (Amgen), in a retrospective, single-institution study. Simona Bassi and co-authors at the Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital in Piacenza, Italy, analysed data from patients with lymphoma or myeloma who had undergone autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at the Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital.

Biosimilars in the US: hurdles to cost savings

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 07/08/2015

In light of the recent approval of the first biosimilar in the US, Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz), [1], Sarpatwari and co-authors look at the hurdles to cost savings for biosimilars in the US [2].

Efficacy of filgrastim biosimilars following stem-cell transplantation

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 31/07/2015

The efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) biosimilars has been assessed in terms of engraftment following stem-cell transplantation. Time to engraftment was compared following treatment with the originator, Neupogen (Amgen), and with biosimilars in a retrospective, single-institution study.

Approval of biosimilar insulins: regulations across the globe

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 31/07/2015

Insulin analogue patent expiry is likely to mean that biosimilars will be submitted for licensing. In light of this, Heinemann and co-authors reviewed regulatory requirements for biosimilars, notably insulin, in several regions and countries [1].

Norway, biosimilars in different funding systems

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 03/07/2015

Norway has approved biosimilar versions of the biologicals somatropin, epoetin, filgrastim and infliximab. Epoetin and filgrastim are included in a national tender for drugs used in hospitals, in which prices can be reduced by up to 89%. Regional health care is responsible for funding drugs used in hospitals and at home, and it is their responsibility for obtaining the best prices. The H-prescription system in Norway works best to maximize biosimilar competition, as exemplified by the approach taken for infliximab. However, the effect of existing biosimilars on prescriptions has varied [1].

Approval of biosimilars in rheumatology

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/06/2015

Biosimilars are approved following a regulatory pathway different to that of generics, as they are not molecularly identical to their reference products. Currently, only one biosimilar is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of rheumatological diseases: an infliximab biosimilar, which is commercialized as Remsima/Inflectra [1]. With this approval in mind, author Gilberto Castañeda-Hernández and co-authors discuss what rheumatologists should know about biosimilars [2].

Real-life results for Inflectra compared to Remicade

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 26/06/2015

Results of a post-marketing clinical study of infliximab biosimilar Inflectra demonstrated equivalent effectiveness compared to the originator biological (Remicade) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis when switched from Remicade [1].

Biosimilars in the US

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/06/2015

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the country’s first biosimilar Zarxio (filgrastim-sndz) on 6 March 2015 [1]. But how will biosimilars be classified in the future and how will savings for biosimilars be realized in the US? These are questions Sarpatwari and co-authors sought to answer [2].

Remsima shows comparable safety and efficacy in IBD patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 19/06/2015

South Korean biotechnology company Celltrion presented results of clinical experience for its infliximab biosimilar Remsima (CT-P13) at Digestive Diseases Week (DDW) 2015, which was held in Washington DC, USA, on 17–19 May 2015.

Inflectra shows comparable results in IBD patients

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/06/2015

US-based generics maker Hospira presented preliminary results from its Hungarian National Registry study for its infliximab biosimilar Inflectra at the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (ECCO-ibd) conference, which was held in Barcelona, Spain on 18–21 February 2015.

Cost of filgrastim biosimilars compared to originator filgrastim

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 05/06/2015

Italian researchers have completed a retrospective cost analysis comparing the use of filgrastim biosimilars with the originator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Their retrospective, single institution study of 56 lymphoma and myeloma patients concluded that treatment with the biosimilars Tevagrastim and Zarzio was associated with cost reductions of 56% and 86%, respectively.

Biosimilars for the treatment of Crohn’s disease

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 12/06/2015

The introduction of targeted biological therapies has improved the treatment of immune inflammatory arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, in particular, Crohn’s disease (CD). The monoclonal antibodies infliximab and adalimumab have shown beneficial effects in patients with CD and high disease activity. The forthcoming introduction of biosimilars is expected to improve access to these expensive medications with an expected reduction in price ranging from 20 to 40 per cent of the present cost.

Clinical trials for etanercept biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/05/2015

Researchers from the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, carried out a systematic review into clinical trials for etanercept biosimilars as part of their investigation into biosimilars for the treatment of psoriasis [1].

Clinical trials for infliximab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/05/2015

A systematic review into clinical trials for infliximab biosimilars was carried out as part of an investigation into biosimilars for the treatment of psoriasis by researchers from the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany [1].

Incomplete processing in recombinant streptokinase

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 29/05/2015

A study investigating the impact of incomplete processing on streptokinase activity has found that ‘similar biologics’ or different batches of the biological may have different potencies, depending on the degree of amino-terminal methionine processing and on the pharmacopoeial assay method used, affecting the dosage patients receive [1].

Variation in recombinant streptokinase

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 22/05/2015

A study of blood clot dissolving drug streptokinase has highlighted the mantra of ‘the process is the product’ in the case of biologicals [1].

Clinical trials for adalimumab biosimilars

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 15/05/2015

As part of their investigation into biosimilars for the treatment of psoriasis, researchers from the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, carried out a systematic review into clinical trials for adalimumab biosimilars [1].

Biosimilar filgrastim highly similar to originator filgrastim

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/05/2015

A study comparing Sandoz’s filgrastim biosimilar (Zarzio) with originator filgrastim (Neupogen) has shown that they are highly similar in terms of their structure and function [1].

Clinical trials of biosimilars for psoriasis treatment

Biosimilars/Research | Posted 08/05/2015

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine, or protein, that prompts the body to create inflammation. In psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, there is excess production of TNF-alpha in the skin or joints. Therefore, drugs that block TNF-alpha, such as Enbrel (etanercept), Humira (adalimumab), Remicade (infliximab) and Stelara (ustekinumab), can be used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.